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Technical report / Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling (COSMO). Offenbach am Main : Deutscher Wetterdienst, 2001-
Contents
PDF
A methodology towards the hierarchy of COSMO parameter calibration tests via the domain sensitivity over the Mediterranean area
2
Contents
3
1. Abstract
3
2. Introduction
4
3. Model setup
7
4. Methodology
8
5. Discussion of the relative sensitivity of different domains
11
6. Conclusions
11
7. Acknowledgments
11
8. References
14
9. Appendix for Figs. 2 to 10
PDF
A new fast-waves solver for the Runge-Kutta dynamical core
2
Contents
4
1. Abstract
4
2. Introduction
6
3. The Euler equations
8
4. Discretization
14
5. Boundary conditions
17
6. The linear equation system for the vertical velocity
22
7. Stability of the divergence damping in tilted terrain
23
8. Discretization errors in a stretched grid
30
9. Idealized tests
38
10. Real cases
39
11. Conclusions
40
12. Acknowledgments
PDF
A scheme for monotonic numerical diffusion in the LM
1
1. Introduction
2
2. High-Order Numerical Smoothing
4
3. Monotonic Diffusion Operators
8
4. Results from Simple Tests Cases
11
5. An Orographic Flux Limiter
12
6. Results from Test Simulations with the LM
17
7. Results from Parallel Experiments
22
8. Implementation of the Scheme
23
9. Summary
24
References
PDF
A stochastic pattern generator for ensemble applications
2
Contents
5
1. Abstract
5
2. Introduction
8
3. SPG: Requirements
8
4. The proposed solution
9
5. Tentative first-order SPG model
13
6. Higher-order in time model
21
7. Time discrete solver for the third-order in time SPG model
25
8. Application to the COSMO model
28
9. Discussion
29
10. Conclusions
31
Appendix A: Illustration of the \proportionality of scales" property
33
Appendix B: Spatio-temporal structure of the driving 4-D noise
36
Appendix C: Physical-space approximation of the operator
39
Appendix D: Stationary statistics of a higher-order OSDE
41
Appendix E: Smoothness of sample paths of the spatial Matern random field for different
43
Appendix F: Stationary statistics of a time discrete higher-order OSDE
PDF
A turbulence kinetic energy
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
7
2. Quasi-Conservative Variables
7
3. Transport Equations for Second-Order Moments
10
4. Truncated Reynolds-Stress and Scalar-Flux Equations
11
5. Parameterization of Pressure Scrambling, Third-Order Transport and Dissipation Effects
15
6. Time and Length Scales
17
7. Effect of Clouds on Mixing
24
8. Boundary-Layer Approximation
26
9. The (So-Called) Stability Functions
33
10. Interaction with the Underlying Surface
35
11. Equation for Scalar Skewness
38
12. Conclusions
40
13. Appendices
PDF
Analysis and evaluation of TERRA_URB Scheme
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
4
2. Tasks and achievements
5
3. Activity performed at University of Ghent: perturbation experiments for Brussels during the 2003 heat wave (H. Wouters)
7
4. Activity performed at DWD: Improved processes in the land surface model TERRA: Bare soil evaporation and skin temperature (J.-P. Schulz, G. Vogel)
9
5. Activity performed ad CIRA: High resolution simulations for the resentation of Urban Heat Islands over South Italy (E. Bucchignani, P. Mercogliano)
17
6. Activities performed at RHM: high resolution simulations of the urban heat island of Moscow megacity (M. Varentsov, I. Rozinkina, G. Rivin, D. Blinov, A. Kirsanov)
25
7. Activities performed at Arpa Piemonte (V. Garbero, M. Milelli)
35
8. Conclusions
36
9. Acknowledgements
37
A: Appendix
PDF
Calibration of COSMO model, priority project CALMO
2
Contents
3
1. Abstract
4
2. Methodology
6
3. Tasks and achievements
12
4. The Meta-model (P. Khain, I. Carmona)
14
5. Sensitivity experiments and fitting strategy (E. Avgoustoglou)
17
6. Verification of COSMO-2 calibration (with the contribution of P. Kaufmann)
24
7. A case study (E. Bucchignani, P. Mercogliano, M. Milelli)
25
8. Conclusions
29
9. Appendix: list of model parameters
37
10. Appendix: highlights of sensitivity experiments
PDF
CALMO - Progress report
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction - CALMO project 4
4
2. Overview: different stages of the CALMO project
5
3. Short overview of the tuned parameters
7
4. Meta-Model
10
5. Performance scores
12
6. Convergence to the optimal parameters combination
13
7. TERRA stand-alone
14
8. CALMO stage-2
21
9. CALMO stage-3
27
10. Summary
30
A Appendix: Meta-Model code
PDF
COSMO priority project "Further Developments of the Runge-Kutta Time Integration Scheme" (RK)
2
Contents
3
1. Summary
4
2. Project report
4
2.1 Task 1: Looking at pressure bias
15
2.2 Task 2: Continue RK case studies
21
2.3 Task 3: A Tool for Testing Conservation Properties in the COSMO-Model
24
2.4 Task 4: Advection of moisture quantities in conservation form
26
2.5 Task 5: Investigation of convergence
36
2.6 Task 6: Deep valleys + Task 7: Different filter options for orography
38
2.7 Task 8: Higher order discretization in the vertical
39
2.8 Task 9: Physics coupling scheme
39
2.9 Task 10: Testing of alternative fast wave scheme
42
2.10 Task 13: Divergence damping in a true 3D-version
42
2.11 Task 14: Digital Filter Initialization (DFI)
44
2.12 Open points
44
2.13 Resources used
44
2.14 Lessons learned
44
3. Acknowledgements
45
4. References
PDF
COSMO priority project "INTERP"
2
Contents
3
1. Summary
4
2. General introduction
6
3. Fuzzy verification: theoretical aspects and application during the MAP D-PHASE DOP (T. Weusthoff, T. Bähler, F. Ament, MeteoSwiss)
15
4. Verification of DWD-models against high resolution precipitation and SYNOP measurements (U. Damrath, DWD)
22
5. Post-processing of COSMO-7 and COSMO-2 Precipitation with the Neigh- borhood Method (P. Kaufmann, MeteoSwiss)
28
6. Statistical properties of precipitation in boxes of various sizes (M. S. Tesini, C. Cacciamani, T. Paccagnella, ARPA-SIMC)
31
7. Open points
31
8. Contributing scientists
31
9. References
PDF
COSMO priority project "Short Range Ensemble Prediction System" (SREPS)
2
Contents
3
1. Summary
3
2. Project report
8
3. Results
28
4. Open points
28
5. Resources used
28
6. Lessons learned
29
7. Acknowledgements
PDF
COSMO priority project "Tackle Deficiencies in Quantitative Precipitation Forecast" (QPF)
2
Contents
3
1. Project report
28
2. Workshops and meetings
28
3. Presentation of QPF results
29
4. Test cases description
62
5. Acknowledgements
63
6. References
PDF
COSMO priority project "VERification System Unified Survey" (VERSUS)
2
Contents
3
1. Summary
3
2. Project report
6
2.1 Open points
7
2.2 Resources used
7
2.3 Lessons learned
8
3. Acknowledgements
PDF
COsmo Towards Ensembles at the Km-scale IN Our countries (COTEKINO)
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
4
2. Initial Condition perturbations derived from KENDA
4
3. Model perturbations
23
4. Soil/surface perturbations
49
5. References
PDF
Description of some convective indices implemented in the COSMO model
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
3
2. Parcel theory
3
3. Convective indices
14
A Table of Constants
14
B Grib parameters of indices
PDF
Documentation of the Z-coordinate dynamical core of LM
Table of contents
1
1. Introduction
2
2. Basic Numerical Concept
14
3. Time Integration and Numerical Solution
21
4. Numerical Smoothing
26
5. Results for Idealized Test Cases
28
6. Summary
30
References
31
Appendix
PDF
EUCOS impact study using the limited-area non-hydrostatic NWP model in operational use at MeteoSwiss
1
1. Context and Objectives
2
2. The NWP Model
3
3. The Assimilation Scheme
4
4. The Experimental Set-Up
6
5. Impact on Forecast Quality
15
6. Conclusion
16
Acknowledgements
PDF
Evaluation of empirical parameters of the new LM surface-layer parameterization scheme
2
1. Introduction
2
2. Background
5
3. Experiments Performed
6
4. Results
10
5. Conclusions
11
Acknowledgements
PDF
Evaluation of the performance of the COSMO-LEPS system
1
Contens
2
1. Introduction
3
2. Statistical analysis of the methodology
5
3. Objective verification
14
4. Parallel suite with model perturbations
18
5. COSMO-LEPS Subjective verification - Contribution by ARPAL, Genova, Italy (David Sacchetti)
25
6. Use of COSMO-LEPS at MeteoSwiss - Contribution by MeteoSwiss, Zürich, Switzerland (Andre' Walser and Marco Arpagaus)
30
7. Could the COSMO-LEPS system add value to operational forecasts of the DWD in the case of severe weather? - Contribution by the Forecast unit of the DWD in 2004 (Thomas Schumann)
36
8. Conclusions
PDF
Is the particle filtering approach appropriate for meso-scale data assimilation?
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
3
2. Nonlinear filtering
5
3. Monte-Carlo filters
5
4. The bootstrap (SIR) filter
7
5. Inherent advantages and disadvantages of the SIR filter
7
6. Extensions to the SIR filter
9
7. Non-meteorological and non-oceanographic applications of particle filtering
10
8. Applications of particle filtering in meteorology and oceanography
12
9. Summary of the disadvantages of a hypothetical particle-filtering based meso-scale data assimilation scheme
14
10. Conclusions
14
11. Acknowledgements
14
12. References
LLM -the high-resolving nonhydrostatic simulation model in the DWD-Project LITFASS
PDF
1. Modelling technique and simulation method
Table of Contents
1
1. Introduction
4
2. Model Description
19
3. Parameterization of Subgrid-Scale Turbulence
30
4. External Forcing at the Lateral and Upper Boundary
35
5. Physical Forcing at the Lower Boundary
63
References
66
An Epilogue to Part I
PDF
Lorenz- and Charney-Phillips vertical grid experimentation using a compressible nonhydrostatic toy-model relevant to the fast-mode part of the "Lokal-Modell"
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
5
2. A duplicate of Arakawa and Konor’s simulation
7
3. An LM fast-wave toy-model
22
4. Application of a radiative upper boundary condition
32
5. Simulations with LM - layering
34
6. Conclusion
35
7. References
PDF
Online trajectory module in COSMO
3
Contents
4
1. Introduction
4
2. Scientific rational
5
3. Implementation overview
5
4. Namelist settings
6
5. Start file
7
6. Output
9
7. Implementation details
PDF
Operational implementation of the multilayer soil model
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction, configuration of the multi-layer soil model
5
2. Operational use of the multi-layer soil model in the global model (GME) of DWD
10
3. Pre-operational and operational use in LME
10
4. Verification of soil temperature prediction over Germany
11
5. Long-term diagnostics for LME and GME
16
6. Changes after the operational implementation
17
7. Suggested future work
18
8. Summary
18
9. Acknowledgement
18
10. References
PDF
Parameterization of lakes in numerical weather prediction
Contents
1
1. Introduction
3
2. Background
12
3. Model Description
29
4. Conclusions
31
5. Appendices
PDF
Performance On Massively Parallel Architectures (POMPIA)
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
4
2. Main achievements
7
3. Applications of the GPU and single precision capability
7
4. Lessons learned and outlook
PDF
RADAR_MIE_LM and RADAR_MIELIB calculation of radar reflectivity from model output
2
Contents
5
1. Preface
6
2. Introduction
7
3. Factors contributing to the radar "bright band"
7
4. Theoretical basis
18
5. Routines in radar_mielib
54
6. radar mie lm: Interface functions for the LM
68
7. Backscattering cross sections of dry ice particles
73
8. Backscattering cross sections for melting ice particles relative to the massequivalent water drop
168
9. Index of the Figures of Section 8
176
References
PDF
Seven years of activity in the field of mesoscale ensemble forecasting by the COSMO-LEPS system
2
Contents
3
1. Abstract
3
2. Introduction
4
3. Description of COSMO-LEPS operational system
6
4. Methodology of verification
9
5. Time-series results
17
6. Seasonal scores
21
7. Conclusions
22
8. Acknowledgments
23
9. References
PDF
Statistical analysis of high-resolution COSMO ensemble forecasts in view of data assimilation
2
Contents
5
1. Introduction
7
2. Data and Evaluation Method
11
3. Forecast Departure Statistics
25
4. Ensemble Anomaly Statistics
32
5. Further Results
42
6. Summary and conclusions
PDF
Studying Perturbations for the Representation of modeling uncertainties in Ensemble Development
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
3
2. What we know (and what we do not know) about the spread/skill relation of our ensembles
21
3. Test and development of model perturbation
27
4. Test and development of perturbation for the model lower boundary
32
5. Ensemble post-processing
40
6. Initial Conditions for the CP ensembles
PDF
The CONSENS priority project
2
Contents
3
1. Abstract
3
2. Introduction
4
3. Model perturbations
13
4. Ensemble merging
20
5. Calibration
38
6. Conclusions
39
7. Acknowledgments
39
8. References
PDF
The COSMO priority project "COLOBOC"
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
4
2. State of the modelling system at the start of the project
5
3. Tasks and achievements
9
4. Experiments towards an unified soil-vegetation atmosphere transfer scheme TERRA for global and limited-area numerical weather prediction
31
5. Documentation of a new multi-layers snow module
35
6. Implementation of the Martilli Urban Surface Parametrization in COSMO
71
7. References
PDF
The COSMO priority project "UTCS"
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
3
2. Development and testing of the TKE-Scalar Variance mixing scheme for the COSMO model
5
3. Comprehensive testing and further development of the current COSMO- model turbulence scheme, including the surface-layer transfer scheme
10
4. Evaluation of SGS cloud schemes against satellite data and data from measurements in the surface air layer
12
5. References
PDF
The COSMO Priority Project APSU
Front cover
Title page
2
Contents
4
1. Abstract
4
2. Introduction
5
3. New model perturbation methods
34
4. Post-processing and interpretion of ensembles
41
5. Transition to ICON-LAM
49
6. Conclusions
50
7. Acknowledgements
50
8. References
54
List of COSMO Newsletters and Technical Reports
59
COSMO Technical Reports
PDF
The COSMO Priority Project CARMA
Front cover
Title page
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
9
2. Description of Tasks
12
3. Timeline of Activities and Results
19
4. Conclusions and Outlook
20
5. Meetings
20
6. Documentation
21
7. Acknowledgments
21
List of COSMO Newsletters and Technical Reports
27
COSMO Technical Reports
PDF
The COSMO Priority Project CDIC
Front cover
Title page
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
3
2. Brief oberview and comparison of the dnamical core formulations of ICON and COSMO
5
3. Idealized test cases
26
4. Scalability aspects
28
5. Application for special purposes (Climate, environmental appl.)
29
6. Conclusions
32
List of COSMO Newsletters and Technical Reports
37
COSMO Technical Reports
PDF
The COSMO priority project conservative dynamical core
2
Contents
5
1. Introduction
7
2. Dry benchmark experiments with the anelastic EULAG model
23
3. Moist benchmark experiments with the anelastic EULAG model
40
4. Semi-realistic ow over the Alps with the anelastic EULAG model
56
5. Semi-realistic ow over the Alps with the COSMO-EULAG model
69
6. MPDATA as an alternative tracer advection scheme
86
7. Normal mode analysis of anelastic and compressible equation sets
96
8. The finite volume implicit solver CONSOL
113
9. Acknowledgement
PDF
The COSMO priority project CORSO
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
5
2. Actions proposed
6
3. Tasks, brief description
10
4. Development of High resolution COSMO-modeling for mountainous regions
22
5. Downscalling/post-processing for Sochi area and applications
44
6. Development and adaptation of COSMO EPSs for the Sochi region
63
7. References
PDF
The COSMO priority project CORSO-A
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
5
2. SubTasks, brief description
8
3. The guidance of the optimal domain's size selection for 1.1 km resolution of nested COSMO models for the regions with complex mountain relief
22
4. Development of algorithm of subgrid h-correction of T2m for mountains based on COSMO forecasts of local lapse rate (h-correction)
23
5. COSMO-BASED ENSEMBLE FORECASTING FOR SOCHI-2014 OLYMPICS: ARCHIVING THE RESULTS
28
6. PREPARING OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FORECASTERS ABOUT FEATURES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF MESO- SCALE MODELING (How to use the LAM mesoscale NWP results for mountain terrain)
43
7. Acknowledgements
44
A Appendix
PDF
The COSMO priority project INSPECT
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
5
2. The main outcomes of PP INSPECT Summary
7
3. Filtering methods
23
4. Object-based methods
55
5. Sensitivity of COSMO-LEPS forecast skill to the verification network: application to MesoVICT cases
59
6. References
PDF
The COSMO Priority Project T2 (RC)2
Front cover
Title page
2
Contents
5
1. Introduction
6
2. Tasks and achievements
7
3. New optical properties for water droplets and ice particles in COSMO model
17
4. Monte-Carlo Spectral Integration
22
5. New parametrization for vertical microphysical profiles in shallow cumulus
33
6. New shallow convection shutdown scheme
48
7. Implementation of CAMS forecasted aerosols in COSMO radiation and microphysics schemes
70
8. Implementation of ICON-ART forecasted dust in COSMO radiation scheme
77
9. Verifications of the new COSMO radiation scheme in clear skies and cloudy skies conditions
85
10. Testing and tuning of the new cloud-radiation scheme
89
11. Acknowledgements
90
12. References
98
List of COSMO Newsletters and Technical Reports
103
COSMO Technical Reports
PDF
The COSMO priority project VERSUS2
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
5
2. Tasks and achievements
8
3. Further developments
9
4. Conclusions
9
5. Meetings
10
6. User and technical Manual
10
7. References
PDF
The multi-layer version of the DWD soil model TERRA_LM
1
Abstract
2
1. Background
3
2. Comparision of EFR and HCE method
6
3. The influence of freezing/melting of soil water/ice on soil surface temperatures
11
4. A suggestion for fixing the vertical soil layer grid for the multi-layer HCE method
12
5. An updated version for computation of melting of snow cover
13
6. Conclusions and Outlook
14
References
PDF
The proof of the parameters calibration method
2
Contents
3
1. Introduction
4
2. The physically expected sensitivity to the tested parameters
11
3. The actual sensitivity to the tested parameters
20
4. The Meta-Model
24
5. Performance score
26
6. Results of parameters calibration
32
7. Conclusions and considerations towards the next stage of CALMO project
34
8. The Terra standalone (TSA) soil scheme for the CALMO project
35
9. Appendix A: Transform of the 2m-temperature observations to the model grid
37
10. Appendix B: Examples of stable and unstable conditions over Switzerland
39
11. Appendix C: MCH verification results for the optimal parameters simula- tion
PDF
Tracer module in the COSMO model
3
Contents
5
1. Introduction
6
2. Description of the tracer module
21
3. A short user's guide
27
4. Implementation details
30
5. Results
31
6. Issues and needs for further refinements
32
7. Conclusions
PDF
V.A.S.T. (Versus Additional Statistical Techniques) user manual (v2.0)
2
Contents
4
1. Introduction
5
2. Software description
6
3. Installation and compilation
7
4. Activities performed by the software
20
5. Use, recap for LIBSIM users
23
6. Verification methods
26
7. Output
30
8. Conclusions
30
9. Acknowledgments
31
10. References